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Volume 9 (6); November 25, 2019 [Booklet]

Research Paper

Diagnostic informativity of the volume MDCT-angiography and MR-cholangiography in the pre- and intraoperative periods for the examination of donors of a liver fragment.

Nazirov FG, Djuraeva NM, Vakhidova NT, Omonov OA and Salimov UR.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 9(6): 151-156, 2019; pii:S225199391900024-9

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/scil.2019.jlsb24

Abstract

Introduction. The first transplantation of a liver fragment from a living donor was performed in Uzbekistan on February 12, 2018 at the Republican Specialized Scientific Practical Medical Center of Surgery named after acad.V. Vakhidov. This event laid the foundation for a new direction for domestic clinical practice that meets the current level of world medicine development. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic information content of preoperative data of the volume multi detector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography and magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRCG) when compared with intraoperative ones at examining related donors for liver fragment transplantation (LFT). Methods. Total of 88 potential donors of a liver fragment aged from 19 to 58 years (53 men and 35 women) were examined for the period 2017-2019. Sixteen donors were undergone liver resection to obtain a transplant: the right lobe of the livers in 12 people and the left lobe in 4 people. Results. Compared with intraoperative data, the main arteries supplying the transplant planned for resection were identified with MDCT-angiography in 98.4% of cases (P<0.05). Variations of the portal bed according to MDCT-angiography in comparison with intraoperative ones were determined in 93.8% of cases (P<0.05). Intraoperatively revealed the main trunks of the venous outflow were determined by MDCT-angiography in 95.7% of cases (P<0.05). Recommendation. We suggest that MDCT angiography and MRCG is a highly informative and important method for estimation the condition of the liver in transplant planning.
Keywords: Liver transplant, Contrast agent, MDCT-angiography, Magnetic resonance cholangiography.

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Review

Genetically modified foods (GMOs); a review of genetic engineering.

Gatew H and Mengistu K. 

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 9(6): 157-163, 2019; pii:S225199391900025-9

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/scil.2019.jlsb25

Abstract

Aim. This review article mainly focuses on the importance, possible risks and state of public debate on genetic engineering particularly on genetically modified organisms (GMOs). During the last decade, tremendous progress has been made in the area of genetic engineering. The technology has numerous applications in increasing productivity of agriculture (in farm animal and plant species) and biomedical industries. Creation of resistant varieties of plants, transgenic animals, increasing the protein content, bio-fertilization, recombinant pharmaceuticals and gene therapy are now the major application of genetic engineering. Despite the technology has opened up new opportunities for highly specific manipulation of the genetic material of organisms, it has the possible risks of genetic contamination/inbreeding, competition with natural species, ecosystem damage, risk of horizontal gene transfer, new kinds of outbreak diseases; creation of drug resistant germs; accidental escape of laboratory strains and increased disease burden if the recipient organism is a pathogenic microorganism or virus. Additionally, now, scientists are faced with ethical issue challenges related to moral and religious acceptance and animal welfare. Conclusion. Scientists need to consider the types of applications of genetic engineering which will appear on the commercial market as well as develop procedures which will minimize potential biological and ecological hazards of the technology. Even though, genetically modified foods currently available on the international market have passed safety assessments, countries vary in their regulation of genetically modified foods indicating the necessity of worldwide consensus on labelling and traceability of genetically modified foods taking into account health and environmental risks as well as religious issues.
Keywords: Preterm Acceptance, Benefits, Biological and ecological hazards, Ethics, Farm animal, Genetically modified organisms (GMOs), Human health, Plant

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Research Paper

In vitro nematicidal activity of Juglone against Meloidogyne incognita race 2 infesting pomegranate.

Laxmikant D.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 9(6): 164-169, 2019; pii:S225199391900026-9

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/scil.2019.jlsb26

Abstract

Introduction. Juglans regia L. (walnut) is also known as the medicinal plant and native to the mountain ranges of central Asia. Recently, a severe infestation of root-knot nematodes (RKN, identified as Meloidogyne incognita race 2), was observed on Punica granatum L. (pomegranate). Aim. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of in-vitro nematicidal activity of the purified bioactive compounds (Juglone: 5-Hydroxy 1, 4-Napthoquinone) isolated from medicinal plant like walnut on Meloidogyne species associated with pomegranate under field conditions. Methods. Plants are cultivated at the agricultural farm in Solapur, (M.S.), India. Results. Roots of infected plants were heavily galled and soil samples collected from the affected plants second stage juveniles (J2). The ability of treatment schedule of Juglone was tested using an in-vitro method against RKN - Meloidogyne incognita race 2 infesting pomegranate. Juveniles in the control (distilled water; carbofuran) were compared with treated groups. The Juglone showed a 100% mortality in 5 µl/ 10 ml of distilled water/ 100 nematodes.
Keywords: 5-Hydroxy 1, 4-Napthoquinone, Nematicidal activity, Root-knot nematode, Punica granatum L.

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Research Paper

Ethnogeographic features of nutrition as a key factor in the development of iron deficiency anemia in the Bukhara region.

Akhmedova DR.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 9(6): 170-173, 2019; pii:S225199391900027-9

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.36380/scil.2019.jlsb27

Abstract

Introduction. Ecological disasters, industrial pollution, and poor nutrition lead to significant changes in the content of microelements (MEs) in food and, as a consequence, in the human body, while toxic MEs accumulate, displacing essential ones. Iron deficiency anemia refers to biogeochemical poly-microelementosis. For the prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), drugs containing microelements are used along with traditional methods of treatment. Aim. This study aimed to investigate the nutritional characteristics and the ME content in the diet in order to clarify the etiology of IDA, the role of microelementosis in its development, and to also identify indicators of red blood parameters in families living in the Qorovulbozor district of the Bukhara region. Methods. Ten families were examined, each consisting of a husband, a wife, and female children. In order to facilitate the analysis of the results obtained, the husbands and wives selected for examination from those were aged between 30 and 45 with daughters from 12-17 years old. The content of MEs in erythrocytes and blood serum, in tap water, and in irrigation ditch (arch) water was determined. Results. A relatively favorable picture was observed only in men, while 1-3 degree IDA was observed with almost the same frequency in both mothers (75-78.5%) and their daughters (20-21.4%), respectively. Daily nutrition was roughly estimated by dividing the volume of food consumed per week into 7 days and the number of family members. Despite this, iron deficiency turned out to be significant for such products as meat, milk, bread, eggs, and fruit. This served as the basis for convincing the subjects of the need for proper nutrition and the administration of ME containing preparations (Vitrum Prenatal Forte). Conclusion. In order to exclude the entry of toxic MEs into the body, it is advisable to use mineral water for food, especially during pregnancy, instead of tap water. Our findings provide the basis for the need to correct the ME composition of the body with the necessary MEs, not only by increasing the volume and quality of food products, but also by using medications containing MEs.

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Volume 9 (3); May 10, 2019 [Booklet]

Research Paper

Etiological circumstances and pathogenic aspects of pulmonary infectious complications in recipients of kidney transplant. 

Ibadov R A, Ibragimov S Kh, Shaniyeva Z A, Matkarimov Z T, Ibadov R R.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 9(3): 64-67, 2019; pii:S225199391900010-9

Abstract
Aim. This study aimed to determine the spectrum of pathogens and its resistance in the dynamics in patients with infectious complications after kidney transplantation. Methods. The results of the study of biomaterials from patients with infectious complications on the background of acute and chronic kidney transplant rejection have been studied. Results. During the analyzed period, there was a tendency to change the spectrum of pathogens, the growth of the value of gram-negative bacteria. The sensitivity analysis of the isolated microorganisms over the study period (2010-2017) showed an increase in the resistance of the dominant pathogens. Also, there was a significant increase in the frequency of occurrence of Candida fungi. Conclusion. In most kidney transplant recipients with nosocomial infections is unavoidable. Therefore, a timely and adequate antibiotic therapy is required to constant control of modern pathogens with increased resistance. Recommendations. The increase in antibiotic resistance of the leading pathogens makes it necessary to study the antibioticogram of all strains isolated from patients for an adequate choice of effective antibiotic therapy. The obtained data should be used to optimize empirical antibiotic therapy in patients with purulent-septic complications after kidney transplantation.
Keywords: Kidney transplantation, Immunosuppression, Chronic graft rejection, Infection, Lung damage, Intensive care

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Review

Review on: biodiversity, ecosystem services and genetically modified organisms. 

Birhan M, Dejene H and Kenubih A.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 9(3): 68-73, 2019; pii:S225199391900011-9

Abstract
Introduction. Understanding the relationship between ecosystem and diversity requires knowledge of how species interact with each other and how each is affected by the environment. It is useful to distinguish between the instantaneous effects of species richness on ecosystems and those which become deceptive on a longer time scale, described here as filter and founder effects. Biological diversity appears to enhance the resilience of desirable ecosystem states, which is required to secure the production of essential ecosystem services. Aim. The diversity of responses to environmental change among species contributing to the same ecosystem function, which we call response diversity, is critical to resilience. Response diversity is particularly important for ecosystem renewal and reorganization following change. Here we criticism the various roles that biodiversity, ecosystem services and genetically modified organisms play in terrestrial ecosystems with special emphasis on their contribution to productivity and diversity. Therefore, the aim of this review is summarizing of different articles and writing of the effects of one to the others, and the relation between biodiversity, ecosystem services and genetically modified organisms.
Keywords: Biodiversity, Ecosystem services, Genetically modified organisms

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Volume 9 (4); July 25, 2019 [Booklet]

Research Paper

Role and place of the endoscopic therapy in advanced stages of cardioesophageal cancer. 

Strusskiy LP, Nizamkhodjaev ZM, Ligay RE, Khusanov AM and Omonov RR.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 9(4): 82-88, 2019; pii:S225199391900013-9

Abstract
Aim. The aim of study was to investigate efficacy of palliative treatment of proximal gastric tumors. Methods. The article describes experience of treating 232 patients with unresectable cardioesophageal cancer (UCC). Of these, minimally invasive endoscopic procedures: endoscopic diatermotunnelization (ED), endoscopic bougienage (EB) and endoscopic stenting (ES) was performed in 101 patients. Currently, the method of endoscopic stenting is preferred, which was performed in 84 patients, and own-developed model of a silicone tube stent was used in all patients. Main early and late complications of using this method were described. Results. Minimally invasive techniques described, the absence of a cosmetic defect, there is no need of specific care set endoprothesis and relatively easily tolerated by patients of the technique endoprosthetic stent installation suggest a viable alternative to the imposition of gastrostomy and jejunostomy.
Keywords: Tumours of the proximal part of the stomach, Surgical treatment, Unresectability, Invasive technologies, Diathermotunnelization, Endoscopic bougienage, Endoscopic stenting.

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Research Paper

Effectiveness of stage by stage bariatric interventions for regression of comorbidity at obese class III patients.

Nazirov FG, Khashimov ShKh, Makhmudov UM, Khaybullina ZR, Tuychiev OD.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 9(4): 89-95, 2019; pii:S225199391900014-9

Abstract
Introduction. Currently obesity is considered as a chronic, relapsing, multifactorial neurobehavioral disease, in which an increase in body fat contributes to the dysfunction of adipose tissue and the biomechanical effect of adipose tissue on surrounding tissue with development of metabolic and psychosocial health effects. It has been proven that bariatric surgery significantly reduces the level of pro-inflammatory senility-associated secretory proteins (SASPs), weight reduction increases telomeres length and declines their oxidative degradation (lowering of oxidative stress in telomeres), miR10a_5p, which is post-regulated with increasing of biological age, decreased after surgery, what suggests that bariatric surgery abated the premature aging phenotype. It is of big interest to evaluate comorbidity conditions in people with obese class III after the intervention of intragastric balloons (IGB) and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), which are lead to weight loss. Methods. A total of 40 patients (32 female and 8 male aged 19–55 years were considered for the study. Comorbidity was assessed by the structure and severity of diseases associated with obesity according to the recommendations of Nedogoda (2016). Cardiometabolic disease staging scale of Guo (2015) was used to assess the metabolic health. Endovisual surgery-LSG was performed (n=40) on a laparoscopic set and instruments of Karl Storz, GMBH & CoKG (Germany). The spherical intragastric balloon (IGB) was installed according to the manufacturer's method (BIB ™ System Intragastric Balloon from Allergan Inc. USA) using a GIF-1T20 Olympus gastrointestinal fibroscope (Japan). Results. Evaluation of the obesity phenotype, a completely metabolically healthy phenotype was not detected in any case. Nowadays, the opinion about the usefulness of the clinical concept of the metabolic syndrome (MS) is disputed, because it has not been convincingly proven its predictive value exceeds that for individual components. Conclusion. Obese class III is associated with dyslipidemia/hypertriglyceridemia in 85%; with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2)/prediabetes in 50%; with arterial hypertension (AH) in 45%; and with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in 35% of cases. Therefore, two-stage treatment by IGB and LSG make it possible to improve the performance on the Cardiometabolic disease staging scale, achieving zero cardiometabolic risk in 35% of patients, and in rest of patients move to a lower stage.
Keywords: Obesity, Bariatric surgery, Comorbidity, Intragastric balloon, Endovisual surgery.

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Review

Review on: regenerative medicine, tissue engineering and stem cell therapy in diabetes mellitus.

Birhan M.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 9(4): 102-108, 2019; pii:S225199391900016-9

Abstract
Introduction. In view of the recent success in pancreatic islet transplantation, interest in treating diabetes by the delivery of insulin-producing β-cells has been renewed. Because differentiated pancreatic β-cells cannot be expanded significantly in vitro, β-cell stem or progenitor cells are seen as a potential source for the preparation of transplantable insulin-producing tissue. In addition to embryonic stem (ES) cells, several potential adult islet/β-cell progenitors, derived from pancreas, liver, and bone marrow, are being studied. To date, none of the candidate cells has been fully characterized or is clinically applicable, but pancreatic physiology makes the existence of one or more types of adult islet stem cells very likely. It also seems possible that pluripotential stem cells, derived from the bone marrow, contribute to adult islet neogenesis. Aim. In future studies, more stringent criteria should be met to clonally define adult islet/β-cell progenitor cells. If this can be achieved, the utilization of these cells for the generation of insulin-producing β-cells in vitro seems to be feasible in the near future. This review will focus on the potential of adult tissue-derived stem cells, in lieu of embryo-derived stem cells, for the treatment of diabetes. We discuss the role of adult islet stem/progenitor cells in normal physiology, highlight possible candidate cells isolated to date, and describe different approaches for stem cell-based therapy.
Keywords: Embryonic Stem Cells, Insulin-Producing, Pancreatic Islet, Physiology, β-cells

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Research Paper

Comparison of two methods of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with lavsan (polyethylene terephtalate).

Irismetov ME, Usmonov FM, Shamshimetov DF, Kholikov AM, Rajabov KN, Tadjinazarov MB.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 9(4): 109-116, 2019; pii:S225199391900017-9

Abstract
Introduction. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the main stabilizateur of the knee joint. Many methods were suggested for its reconstruction with different allo/autografts, as well as synthetic materials. Aim. The study aimed to compare two methods of ACL reconstruction with lavsan (polyethylene terephtalate). Methods. The study included 102 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with lavsan tape (polyethylene terephtalate). Group 1 (46 patients) underwent single-bundle ACL reconstruction, and group 2 (56 patients) underwent double-bundle reconstruction. Patients were evaluated with Lachman, anterior drawer and pivot-shift tests and Lysholm score. Results. Our results showed better results in double-bundle group, especially rotational stability was significant better. Besides that majority of patients of I group had some problem flexion of the operated knees. Conclusion. Independent of the method of ACL reconstructions these surgeries must be perform taking into account anatomic features and changes of the knee. Double-bundle technique of ACL reconstruction with lavsan provides better stability than single-bundle technique.
Keywords: Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Single-Bundle Technique, Double-Bundle-Technique, Synthetic Material

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Research Paper

Hematological and selected biochemical indices in preeclamptic pregnant women attending Elnihoud teaching hospital.

Hobiel Ahmed HA and Suleiman Amin MA.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 9(4): 117-121, 2019; pii:S225199391900018-9

Abstract
Background. Preeclampsia (PE) is a form of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, leading to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is major obstetric problem in developing countries and affecting 2–10% of all pregnancies. Aim. This study aimed to evaluate hematological and some biochemical parameters in preeclamptic pregnant women attending Elnihoud Teaching Hospital, Sudan, and to compare the findings with the severity of the disease. Methods. A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out in Elnihoud Teaching Hospital with total of forty tow pregnant women as participants (14–45 years old). They were selected from the Wards of the Hospital at admission before starting treatment. Hematological and selected biochemical parameters were measured and analyzed for every preeclamptic patient. Results. The study revealed no significant elevation in plasma total protein, total white blood cells (TWBCs), lymphocytes and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) among severe preeclamptic patients versus mild cases. Decrease with no significant value in hemoglobin level, platelets count (PLT), red blood cells (RBCs) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) was observed in severe preeclamptic cases compared to mild preeclamptic cases. Conclusion. It is concluded that measurement of hematological and some biochemical parameters might reflect to some extent the effect of preeclampsia on pregnant women. Recommendation. Further studies with more parameters can provide guidance for the evaluation intervention and management of pregnant women who suffering from PE.
Keywords: Preeclampsia, Hypertension, Proteinuria, Papillodema.

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Volume 9 (2); March 25, 2019 [Booklet]

Letter to Editor

The use of a new hemostatic preparation made of the cellulose derivatives in surgery: “warning” for postoperative complications! 

Franceschini G, Di Leone A, Visconti G, Masetti R.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 9(2): 42-44, 2019; pii:S225199391900007-9

ABSTRACT

Introduction. We have read with interest the article by Rustam Abrarovich Sadykov et al. (2019) on “New hemostatic preparation made of the cellulose derivatives”. The Authors present their early experience on new samples of pellicle hemostatic coverage on the basis of the cellulose derivatives. They conclude: “Rapid enough biodegradation of polymer along with the unexpressed inflammatory reaction allows preventing the infecting related to the presence of foreign body. The rapid forming of fibrotic tissue in a zone of lesion makes it possible to obtain a durable hemostasis”. Results. In our series we noted a 10% rate of allergic skin reactions with irritation, redness, itching, swelling, rash and hives in the mammary region, successfully managed with steroids and antihistamine medications. In addition, we experienced a significant seroma in the site of oxidized regenerated cellulose (ORC) placement in 45% of our patients. Conclusion and Recommendation. When using a new preparation made of the cellulose derivatives, as a possible aid to reduce the risk of postoperative haematoma and infections it is important to discuss with the patient also about possible postoperative complications. It is also important that surgeons specify clearly the use of this biomaterial in the report of the surgical procedure so that radiologists can properly interpret the sonographic findings due to this biomaterial and avoid misdiagnosis and undue alarmism during the follow-up of these patients.
Keywords: Hemostasis, Oxidized Cellulose, Polymer

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Research Paper

Geprotsel, biocompatible implant: comparative estimation of its application results for providing airstasis and hemostasis in the lung surgery. 

Khudaybergenov ShN, Eshonkhodjaev OD, and Khalmuratova MK.

J. Life Sci. Biomed., 9(2): 45-51, 2019; pii:S225199391900008-9

ABSTRACT

Introduction. In surgery, the prevention of postoperative complications has always been and remains relevant. One of the most important components that contribute to reducing the number of complications, in addition to effective drainage, restoration of muscle tone and adequate breathing, is reliable aerostasis and hemostasis. When performing operations on the lungs against the background of the presence in patients of factors affecting the incidence of failure in aero- and hemostasis (COPD, emphysema), the risk of developing these complications can reach 11.8% after lobectomy, after wedge-shaped resections up to 9.1% and after decortication up to 33.3%, which is 14.7% for all operations in general (violation of aerostasis - 5.9% and hemostasis - 8.8%. Aim. The aim of study was to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed domestic implant “Geprocel” in the treatment and prevention of disorders of aero- and hemostasis during pulmonary operations. Methods. The study included 69 patients operated in the department of surgery of the Lung and Mediastinum of the "Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Surgery named after Academician V. Vakhidov" State Institution for the period from 2015 to June 2018. Hemostatic implant in the form of a fine powder was developed at RSRCS named after acad. V. Vakhidov”. Geprotsel consists of the following components: the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose, oxidized cellulose and nanocellulose associated with calcium ions (Patent No. IAP 20160273), in accordance with requirements of ISO 10993-1-2011. Results. The use of the Heprotsel biological implant reduced the need for additional single lung tissue flashing to ensure adequate aero- and hemostasis from 38.2% to 11.4% and multiple reinforcement with sutures from 29.4% to 5.7% (χ2 = 7.706; Df = 2; P = 0.021).
Keywords: Aerostasis, Hemostasis, Collagen, Oxidized cellulose, Biodegradable implant, Geprotsel, Heprocel, Pulmonary operations

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